Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Gestational glycaemia reflects lifelong glycaemia: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Authors' conclusion
In this cohort of rural lean Indian women, higher pregnancy glycaemia reflects persistently higher glycaemia since childhood. Coupled with the existing evidence that women with GDM have higher glycaemia from before pregnancy, our results suggest that pregnancy hyperglycaemia is only a window on a life-course of hyperglycaemia and not a de novo phenomenon. This has implications for the timing of diagnosis and management of pregnancy hyperglycaemia (GDM).
Study context
- Population
- Female participants of the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) birth cohort (established 1993), rural lean Indian women, pregnant and delivered by February 2020; mean age 20.9 years, median BMI 21.7 kg/m² (IQR 20.0–23.8) at 28 weeks20 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cases
- Participants
- 171 participants
- Exposure
- Highest quartile (Q4) vs lower quartiles (Q1+2+3) of pregnancy fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and OGTT AUC at 28 weeks' gestation
- Q4 FPGn = 44
- Q4 OGTT AUCn = 39
- Outcome
- Life-course tracking of glycaemia (ages 6, 12, 18 years, pregnancy, post-delivery) by quartile of pregnancy FPG and OGTT AUC
Methodological detailsserial glucose measurements from childhood
- Serial glucose measurements from childhood
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Life-course glycaemia by pregnancy glycaemia quartile
Each group vs Q1+2+3Odds ratio (95% CI)
Q4 of FPGQ4 of FPG from childhood → Q4 of FPG in pregnancy
2.22(1.45–3.38)
Q4 of FPGQ4 of FPG from childhood → post-delivery glucose intolerance (prediabetes + diabetes)
5.22(2.40–11.33)
Q4 of OGTT AUCcorresponding OR for being in Q4 of OGTT AUC in pregnancy
2.88(1.32–6.28)
Q4 of OGTT AUCcorresponding OR for post-delivery glucose intolerance
3.50(1.36–8.97)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Gestational glycaemia reflects lifelong glycaemia: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetologia. Published 10 December 2025. doi:10.
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