Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors' conclusion
Older children and adolescents exposed to GGI-1 and GDM in utero have a higher risk of obesity than those born to NGT pregnancies, even after accounting for maternal BMI.
Study context
- Population
- Children and adolescents aged 2–18 years exposed in utero to varying degrees of maternal glycemia
- Participants
- 27,876 children
- Exposure
- In utero exposure to gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) or GDM vs normal glucose tolerance (NGT)
- NGTn = 23,334reference
- GGIn = 3,413
- GDMn = 1,129
- Outcome
- Obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile)
- Follow-up
- Ages 2–5, 6–10 and 11–18 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Obesity, adjusted additionally for maternal first-trimester BMI
Each group vs NGTOdds ratio (95% CI)
GDMage 6–10 years
1.21(1.01–1.46)
GGI-1age 11–18 years
1.44(1.14–1.81)
GDMage 11–18 years
1.28(1.03–1.59)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalence of obesity
- Age 2 to 5
- 13.5%
- Age 6 to 10
- 20.3%
- Age 11 to 18
- 23.4%
Original publication
Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 13 June 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →