Gestational age at birth and type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood: a nationwide register study in Finland, Norway and Sweden
Authors' conclusion
Individuals born late preterm and early term have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes while individuals born extremely preterm or very preterm have a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes compared with those born full term.
Study context
- Population
- All individuals born alive 1987–2016 to mothers born in the respective Nordic country (Finland, Norway, Sweden), followed to T1D diagnosis, death, emigration or end of follow-up (2016/2017)
- Participants
- 5,501,276 individuals
- Exposure
- Gestational age categories vs full term
- Outcome
- T1D diagnosis in childhood and young adulthood
Methodological detailsnationwide register study, Finland, Norway and Sweden, country-specific covariate-adjusted Cox regression combined in common-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis
- Nationwide register study
- Finland, Norway and Sweden
- Country-specific covariate-adjusted Cox regression combined in common-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
T1D risk vs full term
Each group vs full termEstimate (95% CI)
Late preterm
pooled multiple confounder-adjusted HR 1.12(1.07–1.18)
Early term
pooled multiple confounder-adjusted HR 1.15(1.11–1.18)
Extremely preterm
adjusted HR 0.63(0.45–0.88)
Very preterm
adjusted HR 0.78(0.67–0.92)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Values |
|---|---|
| Distribution of gestational age | Extremely preterm 0.2% · Very preterm 0.5% · Moderately preterm 0.7% · Late preterm 4.2% · Early term 17.7% · Full term 69.9% · Post term 6.7% |
T1D diagnoses recorded by country
- Finland: diagnoses (median age 8.2 years)
- 12,326 (0.8%)
- Norway: diagnoses (median age 13.0 years)
- 6364 (0.5%)
- Sweden: diagnoses (median age 10.5 years)
- 16,856 (0.7%)
Original publication
Gestational age at birth and type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood: a nationwide register study in Finland, Norway and Sweden. Diabetologia. Published 13 April 2024. doi:10.
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