Fully Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery with High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Meals Using the Tandem Freedom System
Main finding · TIR 70 to 180 mg/dLResult — go to the resultDifference +9.0 %Authors' conclusion
FCL insulin delivery with the Tandem Freedom System was safe and effective in adults with T1D with high-carbohydrate, high-fat meals.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D; mean age 38.6 years, diabetes duration 15.9 years, total daily insulin 0.71 units/kg/d, HbA1c 7.3%
- Participants
- 10 adults
- Comparison
- Tandem Freedom fully closed-loop (FCL) without meal announcement vs at-home run-in with mealtime insulin boluses
- FCLn = 10
- Run-inn = 10reference
- Outcome
- Time in range (TIR) 70 to 180 mg/dL
Methodological detailshotel setting, 72-hour FCL period, 1-week at-home Control-IQ run-in, unannounced high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals, daily exercise challenges
- Hotel setting
- 72-hour FCL period
- 1-week at-home Control-IQ run-in
- Unannounced high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals
- Daily exercise challenges
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Difference
+9.0 %
P = 0.23
By group
Further findings
Overnight TIR
difference +26.1 · P = 0.01
- FCL active time
- 97.3%
Safety
Safety · 72-hour FCL period
- Time <70 mg/dL during FCL
- 0.4%
- No diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hypoglycemia events
Original publication
Fully Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery with High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Meals Using the Tandem Freedom System. J Diabetes Sci Technol. Published 14 November 2025. doi:10.
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