Exploratory Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Phenotypes and Their Association With Vitamin D Status in Primary Care Patients
Main finding · Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) by phenotypeResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 3.68Authors' conclusion
Vitamin D status varied by phenotype severity, with more severe phenotypes more likely to exhibit insufficiency.
Study context
- Population
- Randomly selected primary care patients with T2D in Sergipe, Brazil; clusters derived from body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, age at diagnosis, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B
- Participants
- 178 participants
- Exposure
- T2D metabolic phenotype clusters and vitamin D status
- Outcome
- Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) by phenotype
Methodological detailsexploratory, K-medoids clustering, multivariable logistic regression
- Exploratory
- K-medoids clustering
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Odds ratio
3.68
P = 0.013
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Clinical and metabolic differences across phenotypes
- Significant differences in age, insulin use, waist circumference, fasting glucose, TG and hs-CRP
Parts of this Brief are withheld: the automatic checks could not confirm them against the abstract.
Original publication
Exploratory Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Phenotypes and Their Association With Vitamin D Status in Primary Care Patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 27 August 2026. doi:10.
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