Diabetes technology

Exploratory Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Patterns in First-Degree Relatives with Dysglycemia at Risk of Progression to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Technol TherPublished Exploratory analysis of the INNODIA cohort

Authors' conclusion

CGM may help identify FDRs with IAbs and dysglycemia at higher risk of progressing to Stage 3 T1D. Combining CGM metrics improved prediction compared with time >140 mg/dL alone.

Study context

Population
IAb-positive first-degree relatives with dysglycemia and available continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in INNODIA; 14 females (52%), median age 16.8 (IQR 11.9–39.8) years
Participants
27 relatives
Comparison
Progressors to Stage 3 T1D vs non-progressors
  • Progressorsn = 9
Primary endpoint
Whether CGM metrics predict Stage 3 T1D
Methodological detailslongitudinal, restricted analysis limited to last assessment before Stage 3 T1D
  • Longitudinal
  • Restricted analysis limited to last assessment before Stage 3 T1D

Primary result

As reported in the abstract

CGM metrics (restricted analysis, last assessment before Stage 3 T1D)
Progressors
mean glucose 132 vs. 111 mg/dL; P = 0.001
Progressors
time >140 mg/dL 36% vs. 10%; P = 0.003
Progressors
time >180 mg/dL between 9 PM and 2 AM 8.1% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.005
Progressors
time <70 mg/dL between 4 and 7 AM 0% vs. 1.2%; P = 0.001
AUC of time >140 mg/dL
0.83 (95% CI 0.66-1.00)
AUC of time >140 mg/dL combined with time-specific percentages >180 and <70 mg/dL
0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.00)
Sensitivity of model with time 70-140 mg/dL, mean glucose, early morning <70 mg/dL and MAGE
100%
Specificity of that model
86%

Further findings

Time to Stage 3 T1D from CGM assessment in progressors
163 · median · IQR 129–244 · days

Original publication

Exploratory Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Patterns in First-Degree Relatives with Dysglycemia at Risk of Progression to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 29 September 2026. doi:10.1177/15209156261492040

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