Exocrine Proteins Including Trypsin(ogen) as a Key Biomarker in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Type 1 diabetes is associated with altered exocrine function, even before onset. Twin data suggest roles for genetic and nongenetically determined factors. Exocrine/endocrine interactions are important underinvestigated factors in type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Monozygotic (MZ) twins concordant or discordant for T1D, individuals at risk for or with T1D, and individuals with non-insulin-requiring adult-onset diabetes (autoimmune or type 2)
- Participants
- 43 / 27 / 39 / 42 / 195 / 990 / 96 / 291
- Comparison
- T1D vs no diabetes and other cohorts
- Concordantn = 43
- Discordantn = 27
- Concordantn = 39
- Discordantn = 42
- At riskn = 195
- Type 1 diabetesn = 990
- Autoimmunen = 96
- Type 2n = 291
- Outcome
- Exocrine proteins / trypsin(ogen) levels
Methodological detailsproteomic discovery and validation, monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for T1D, multiplex analysis of 4,068 proteins, validation by trypsin(ogen) assay in independent cohorts
- Proteomic discovery and validation
- Monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for T1D
- Multiplex analysis of 4,068 proteins
- Validation by trypsin(ogen) assay in independent cohorts
Performance
As reported in the abstract
- Trypsin(ogen) lower in twins with diabetes than co-twin without diabetes
- P < 0.0001
- Trypsin(ogen) lower in twins with diabetes than healthy control participants
- P < 0.0001
Further findings
Progression in at-risk relatives with trypsin(ogen) <15 ng/mL
- Levels <15 ng/mL associated with increased risk of progression
- uncorrected P = 0.009
Multiple linear regression in recently diagnosed participants
- Trypsin(ogen) associated with insulin dose and DKA; age and BMI were confounders
Original publication
Exocrine Proteins Including Trypsin(ogen) as a Key Biomarker in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 26 January 2023. doi:10.
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