Effects of iodine status on thyroid volume and goiter in children living in an iodine-replete area
Authors' conclusion
Excess iodine was prevalent in Korean children, and their Tvol was higher than the international reference values. Goiter rate was associated with iodine excess, which significantly increased in the moderate and severe iodine excess groups. Further studies are warranted to define optimal iodine intake in children.
Study context
- Population
- 6-year-old children living in Korea (iodine-replete area)
- Participants
- 228 children
- Exposure
- Iodine status categories by urine iodine concentration (UIC)
- Outcome
- Thyroid volume (Tvol) and goiter on ultrasonography (US) (Tvol >97th percentile by age- and BSA-specific international references) and their association with iodine status
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Goiter-US (age-specific criteria) by iodine status
Each group vs adequateAdjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Moderate excess
3.1(1.1–9.2)
Severe excess
3.1(1.2–8.3)
- Goiter-US rate significantly increased as iodine status increased from adequate to severe excess
- P for trend < 0.05
- Median thyroid volume (Tvol) (larger than international reference 1.6 mL)
- 2.4 mL
- Age-specific goiter on the US (goiter-US) rate
- 25.9% (n = 59)
- Body surface area (BSA)-specific goiter-US rate
- 34.6% (n = 79)
- Prevalence of excess iodine
- 73.7% (n = 168)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Effects of iodine status on thyroid volume and goiter in children living in an iodine-replete area. Eur Thyroid J. Published 18 December 2023. doi:10.
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