Early-childhood body mass index and its association with the COVID-19 pandemic, containment measures and islet autoimmunity in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Early-childhood BMI increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was influenced by the level of restrictions during the pandemic. Controlling for the COVID-19 pandemic, elevated BMI during early childhood was associated with increased risk for childhood islet autoimmunity in children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Children with increased risk for T1D enrolled in the Primary Oral Insulin Trial, aged 4.0 months to 5.5 years; data February 2018–May 2023
- Participants
- 1,050 children
- Exposure
- COVID-19 pandemic period and containment stringency vs pre-pandemic; BMI measures vs islet autoimmunity risk
- Outcome
- Association of COVID-19 pandemic and stringency index with early-childhood BMI
Methodological detailssecondary analysis of the Primary Oral Insulin Trial
- Secondary analysis of the Primary Oral Insulin Trial
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- COVID-19 pandemic and time-varying BMI, β
- 0.39 (0.30, 0.47) (95% CI)
- COVID-19 pandemic and overweight risk at 9 months, β
- 0.44 (0.03, 0.84) (95% CI)
- Higher stringency index and time-varying BMI, β per 10 units increase
- 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) (95% CI)
- Higher stringency index and BMI at 9 months, β
- 0.13 (0.01, 0.25) (95% CI)
- Higher stringency index and overweight risk at 9 months, β
- 0.23 (0.03, 0.43) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Islet autoimmunity up to 5.5 years of age
- Higher age-corrected BMI at 9 months, HR
- 1.16 (1.01, 1.32) (95% CI)
- Overweight risk at 9 months, HR
- 1.68 (1.00, 2.82) (95% CI)
Original publication
Early-childhood body mass index and its association with the COVID-19 pandemic, containment measures and islet autoimmunity in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. Published 12 January 2024. doi:10.
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