Dietary Strategies and Nutritional Management in Patients Receiving GLP ‐1 and Dual GIP / GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists as Adjuncts to Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors' conclusion
GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists frequently cause gastrointestinal discomfort but tend to preserve lean mass during weight loss when used alongside lifestyle interventions.
Study context
- Population
- Adults receiving GLP-1 or dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists with lifestyle or dietary guidance (obesity, prediabetes, T2D)
- Participants
- 7,096 adults16 trials
- Comparison
- GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs as adjuncts to lifestyle or dietary interventions
- Outcome
- GI symptoms, muscle and bone health, nutritional adequacy
Methodological detailsPRISMA guidelines, Most trials presented a low risk of bias
- PRISMA guidelines
- Most trials presented a low risk of bias
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- GLP-1 and dual agonists consistently increased GI symptoms (nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting), often dose-related, despite background lifestyle or dietary interventions
- Lean mass generally preserved, with reductions proportional to overall weight loss
- No study directly assessed bone health
- None reported clinically relevant nutritional deficiencies
Original publication
Dietary Strategies and Nutritional Management in Patients Receiving GLP ‐1 and Dual GIP / GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists as Adjuncts to Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 27 April 2026. doi:10.
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