Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
This study suggested an unfavorable relationship between histidine metabolism toward ImP production, potentially regulated by dietary intake and gut microbiota, and risk of T2D in U.S. Hispanic/Latino people.
Study context
- Population
- U.S. Hispanic/Latino people, Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos; baseline 2008–2011
- Participants
- 4,632 people
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest tertiles of serum imidazole propionate (ImP), histidine and ImP-to-histidine ratio
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- ∼12 years
Methodological detailscross-sectional and prospective analyses, gut microbiota subsample
- Cross-sectional and prospective analyses
- Gut microbiota subsample
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Estimate (95% CI)
Highest tertilevs Lowest tertile
HR (serum ImP) 1.17(1.00–1.36)
Highest tertilevs Lowest tertile
HR (ImP-to-histidine ratio) 1.33(1.14–1.55)
Histidineinversely associated
HR (histidine) 0.75(0.64–0.86)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| Histidine intake with serum ImP and ImP-to-histidine ratio by ImP-associated gut microbiota scoreHigh ImP-associated gut microbiota score | P = 0.03 for interaction |
| Histidine intake with serum ImP and ImP-to-histidine ratio by ImP-associated gut microbiota scoreHigh ImP-associated gut microbiota score | P = 0.02 for interaction |
Dietary intake and serum ImP · baseline
- Higher fiber intake associated with lower serum ImP and ImP-to-histidine ratio
- Histidine intake not associated with serum ImP in the overall sample
Gut microbial species associated with serum ImP · follow-up visit (2016-2018)
- Bacterial species associated with serum ImP
- 53
- Putative ImP producers among them
- 19
- Subsample with gut microbiota data
Histidine intake with serum ImP and ImP-to-histidine ratio by ImP-associated gut microbiota score
- Histidine intake positively associated with serum ImP and ImP-to-histidine ratio only with high ImP-associated gut microbiota score
Mediation of fiber intake associations by ImP-associated gut microbiota
- Proportion mediated, serum ImP
- 31.4%
- Proportion mediated, ImP-to-histidine ratio
- 19.8%
Original publication
Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 9 May 2025. doi:10.
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