Decoding the exposome for type 1 diabetes prevention: A scoping review of environmental determinants
Authors' conclusion
Infectious agents, air pollutants, and early-life diet are well studied and consistently associated with T1D onset. However, little is known about the role of cumulative and combined exposures, or the exposome's influence on disease progression and complications. Comprehensive research integrating exposome assessment across the life course is essential to improve T1D prevention and clinical management.
Study context
- Population
- Studies examining environmental exposures across the lifespan in relation to T1D incidence, outcomes and complications109 studies
- Outcome
- Environmental exposure types identified
Methodological detailsJBI methodology, PRISMA-ScR guidelines, Search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar in November 2024, alerts screening up to August 2025
- JBI methodology
- PRISMA-ScR guidelines
- Search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar in November 2024, alerts screening up to August 2025
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Studies included of records screened
- 109 of 982
- Exposure types identified
- 18
- General external exposome (e.g., meteorological conditions, urban/rural environment, psychosocial factors)
- 5
- Specific external exposome (e.g., diet incl. breastfeeding and cow's milk, infectious agents primarily enteroviruses, atmospheric pollutants like NOx, O₃, SO₄, PM₁₀)
- 12
- Internal exposome (e.g., gut microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic imbalance)
- 1
Original publication
Decoding the exposome for type 1 diabetes prevention: A scoping review of environmental determinants. Diabetes Metab. Published 27 March 2026. doi:10.
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