‘Darkness as we face the unknown’: Biopsychosocial‐spiritual experiences of parents of children and young people with type 1 diabetes from the Middle East and North Africa ( Middle East and North Africa (MENA) ) region
Authors' conclusion
The themes and sub-themes depict that diabetes has an impact on parents' biopsychosocial-spiritual well-being. All stakeholders had positive reflections in relation to the value of the development of a PROM as a tool for early detection of issues related to parents' biopsychosocial-spiritual well-being.
Study context
- Population
- Parents of children and young people with T1D in the MENA region (Saudi Arabia), plus healthcare professionals and policymakers interested in person-reported outcome measure (PROM) development
- Participants
- 5 / 3 / 6 / 4
- Comparison
- Mothers vs Healthcare professionals vs Policymakers vs Fathers
- Mothersn = 5
- Healthcare professionalsn = 3
- Policymakersn = 6
- Fathersn = 4
- Outcome
- Themes of parents' biopsychosocial-spiritual experiences
Methodological detailsfocus groups, semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis
- Focus groups
- Semi-structured interviews
- Thematic analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Emotional well-being: 'Darkness as we face the unknown' (distress, worry, anxiety); familiarisation and empowerment (coping, optimism)
- Bio-physical well-being: 'I have to be vigilant' (insomnia, fear of hypoglycaemia)
- Social impact and well-being: stigma, sacrifice and support
- Spiritual well-being: 'I leaned in on spirituality' (hope, acceptance)
- 4 main themes and several sub-themes
Original publication
‘Darkness as we face the unknown’: Biopsychosocial‐spiritual experiences of parents of children and young people with type 1 diabetes from the Middle East and North Africa ( MENA ) region. Diabet Med. Published 29 March 2026. doi:10.
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