Comprehensive Thyroid Assessment in a Prospective Japanese Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Baseline Analysis of Thyroid Function, Autoimmunity, and Ultrasonographic Findings
Authors' conclusion
This analysis provides epidemiological and physiological insights into thyroid health by integrating findings from thyroid function tests, ultrasonography, FDG-PET, and TPOAb measurements. Notably, higher TPOAb titers were associated with concurrent thyroid dysfunction and abnormalities, and age, sex, and thyroid volume were identified as major determinants of thyroid function. The rigorously defined healthy cohort enabled the establishment of sex-specific reference ranges for thyroid dimensions and confirmed associations between thyroid size, age, and body size. This study provides valuable evidence from a Japanese population, for which data have been limited to date. Furthermore, the present study highlights the associations among abnormal findings, relationships within thyroid physiology, and the concurrent associations of high-titer TPOAb with thyroid dysfunction and abnormalities.
Study context
- Population
- Adults who underwent their initial comprehensive medical checkups between April 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, at the Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, without known thyroid diseaseparticipants without known thyroid disease (2643 males and 1764 females) · males 2,643 · females 1,764 · with TPOAb measurements 2,420 · without any thyroid abnormalities (reference range cohort) 1,840
- Participants
- 4,407 adults
- Outcome
- Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, increased blood flow on ultrasonography, diffuse thyroid FDG uptake, and thyroid nodules
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Thyroid dysfunction
5.8%
Increased blood flow on ultrasonography
2.5%
Diffuse thyroid FDG uptake
3.4%
Thyroid nodules
39.7%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
TPOAb positivity
- TPOAb positivity among 2420 participants with TPOAb measurements
- 7.2%
TPOAb titers and concurrent thyroid abnormalities
- On the Roche Elecsys platform, TPOAb titers ≥128 IU/mL were associated with concurrent thyroid dysfunction, increased blood flow, and diffuse thyroid FDG uptake
Determinants of thyroid function
- Multivariate analyses identified age, sex, and thyroid volume as major determinants of thyroid function
Reference ranges for thyroid dimensions
- Sex-specific reference ranges for thyroid dimensions established in 1840 participants without any thyroid abnormalities; correlations with age and body size
Original publication
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