Cognitive skills in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a scoping review and meta-analysis
Pooled result · Wechsler Full Scale IQResult — go to the resultMean difference −3.49 95% CI −6.16 to −0.82Authors' conclusion
T1D appears to be associated with slightly lower cognitive outcomes in some areas.
Study context
- Population
- Children and adolescents aged ≤19 years with T1D given cognitive assessments16 studies in meta-analysis
- Participants
- 1,594 children
- Comparison
- T1D vs non-T1D peers
- Outcome
- Difference in Wechsler Full Scale IQ test scores between T1D and non-T1D groups
Methodological detailssystematic literature search of five databases, evidence map, random-effects meta-analysis
- Systematic literature search of five databases
- Evidence map
- Random-effects meta-analysis
Pooled result
Wechsler Full Scale IQ
Mean difference
−3.49
95% CI −6.16 to −0.82
P = 0.010
T1Dvs non-T1D
mean difference −3.49 (95% CI −6.16 to −0.82); P = 0.010
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
Studies included
- Studies identified
- 2464
- Studies included
- 129
Cognitive categories: studies finding worse performance with T1D among those comparing with non-T1D peers
- Academic performance (n=37)
- 7/22 worse T1D
- Executive function (n=101)
- 31/48 worse T1D
- Intelligence (n=73)
- 22/37 worse T1D
- Language (n=30)
- 7/20 worse T1D
- Memory and learning (n=84)
- 31/48 worse T1D
- Mixed results
Large-scale studies (n≥1000): differences between groups
- Academic performance: no significant difference
- 0/6 worse T1D
- Language: no significant difference
- 0/3 worse T1D
Original publication
Cognitive skills in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a scoping review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 28 April 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →