Clinical Features and Hormonal Profile of Macroprolactinomas Presenting With the Hook Effect: A Systematic Review
Authors' conclusion
Clinical characteristics of macroprolactinomas that demonstrate the hook effect greatly resemble those that do not, underscoring the need to perform dilution studies of prolactin in all patients with pituitary macroadenomas with normal or mildly elevated serum prolactin.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with macroprolactinomas presenting with the hook effect (case reports, case series, observational studies; databases from inception to April 16, 2024; plus institutional cases)
- Participants
- 61 patients
- Outcome
- Clinical features and hormonal profile of hook-effect macroprolactinomas
Methodological detailsincludes original institutional case data
- Includes original institutional case data
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Age, mean (SD)
- 40.0 years (15.7 years)
- Male
- Seventy percent
- Smallest macroprolactinoma volume with hook effect
- 3.4 cm³
- Largest dimension of smallest tumor
- 2.9 cm
- Mean predilution serum prolactin
- 108.1 ng/mL
- Mean postdilution serum prolactin
- 38 526.9 ng/mL
- Ophthalmologic symptoms (most common)
- 80.9%
- Headaches
- 66.0%
- Galactorrhea in females
- 4 out of 15
- Galactorrhea in males
- 0
- Central hypogonadism
- 63.6%
- Central hypothyroidism
- 44.1%
Further pooled results
- No statistically significant difference in age between genders
- No significant gender differences in tumor size or serum prolactin levels
Original publication
Clinical Features and Hormonal Profile of Macroprolactinomas Presenting With the Hook Effect: A Systematic Review. Endocr Pract. Published 12 November 2024. doi:10.
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