Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2009 to March 2020
Authors' conclusion
In the US, diabetes and obesity increased among young adults from 2009 to March 2020, while hypertension did not change and hyperlipidemia declined. There was variation in trends by race and ethnicity.
Study context
- Population
- US adults aged 20 to 44 years in NHANES; mean age 31.8 years, 50.6% women
- Participants
- 12,924 adults
- Exposure
- 2017-March 2020 vs 2009-2010
- Outcome
- National trends in prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity and smoking history; treatment rates for hypertension and diabetes; BP and glycemic control in those treated
Methodological detailsnationally representative survey (NHANES)
- Nationally representative survey (NHANES)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors
- Hypertension prevalence, 2009-2010
- 9.3% (95% CI, 8.1%-10.5%)
- Hypertension prevalence, 2017-2020
- 11.5% (95% CI, 9.6%-13.4%)
- Diabetes prevalence increased, 2009-2010 to 2017-2020
- 3.0% [95% CI, 2.2%-3.7%] to 4.1% [95% CI, 3.5%-4.7%]
- Obesity prevalence increased, 2009-2010 to 2017-2020
- 32.7% [95% CI, 30.1%-35.3%] to 40.9% [95% CI, 37.5%-44.3%]
- Hyperlipidemia prevalence decreased, 2009-2010 to 2017-2020
- 40.5% [95% CI, 38.6%-42.3%] to 36.1% [95% CI, 33.5%-38.7%]
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | 2009-2010 | 2017-2020 |
|---|---|---|
| BP control among those treated for hypertension | 65.0% (95% CI 55.8%–74.2%) | 74.8% (95% CI 67.5%–82.1%) |
| Glycemic control among those treated for diabetes | 45.5% (95% CI 27.7%–63.3%) | 56.6% (95% CI 39.2%–73.9%) |
Hypertension prevalence by race and ethnicity · 2009-2010 to 2017-2020
- Black adults, high rates throughout
- 16.2% [95% CI, 14.0%-18.4%] to 20.1% [95% CI, 16.8%-23.3%]
- Mexican American adults, significant increase
- 6.5% [95% CI, 5.0%-8.0%] to 9.5% [95% CI, 7.3%-11.7%]
- Other Hispanic adults, significant increase
- 4.4% [95% CI, 2.1%-6.8%] to 10.5% [95% CI, 6.8%-14.3%]
Diabetes prevalence, Mexican American adults · 2009-2010 to 2017-2020
- Significant rise
- 4.3% [95% CI, 2.3%-6.2%] to 7.5% [95% CI, 5.4%-9.6%]
BP control among those treated for hypertension
- Did not significantly change
Glycemic control among those treated for diabetes
- Remained suboptimal throughout
Original publication
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2009 to March 2020. JAMA. Published 21 March 2023. doi:10.
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