Beyond HbA1c: Albumin-corrected fructosamine is associated with diabetic retinopathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes
Main finding · DR (fully adjusted)Result — go to the resultOdds ratio 4.77 95% CI 2.99–7.60Authors' conclusion
AlbF is independently associated with DR in T2DM, including well-controlled individuals. These findings suggest AlbF may reflect glycaemic aspects not captured by HbA1c. Given the cross-sectional design, results should be interpreted as associations, not prediction or causality.
Study context
- Population
- T2D patients
- Participants
- 1,090 patients
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower albumin-corrected fructosamine
- Outcome
- DR, assessed by standardized ophthalmic examination
Main finding
DR (fully adjusted)
Odds ratio
4.77
95% CI 2.99–7.60
Highest AlbF tertilevs Lowest AlbF tertile
OR 4.77 (95% CI 2.99–7.60)
As reported in the abstract
- OR of diabetic retinopathy (DR) per 10 μmol/g increase in AlbF (fully adjusted); 95% CI 1.40-1.95
- 1.65
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
DR in HbA1c <7.0% subgroup
- Association of AlbF with DR remained significant in patients with HbA1c <7.0%
Discrimination for DR after adding AlbF
- ΔAUC (P=0.002); modest improvement, to be interpreted cautiously
- 0.045
Original publication
Beyond HbA1c: Albumin-corrected fructosamine is associated with diabetic retinopathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 26 April 2026. doi:10.
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