Associations of Concurrent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes With Mortality Outcomes: A Prospective Study of U.S. Adults
Authors' conclusion
Concurrent hypertension and T2D predict high mortality risk, underscoring the critical need for contextual interventions that extend healthspan in the U.S.
Study context
- Population
- US adults, 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
- Participants
- 48,727 adults
- Exposure
- Concurrent hypertension and T2D vs no hypertension or T2D
- Outcome
- All-cause and cardiovascular mortality (ICD-10 codes)
- Follow-up
- 9.2-year median
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Coexisting hypertension and T2D vs No hypertension and no T2DHazard ratio (95% CI)
All-cause mortality
2.46(2.45–2.47)
Cardiovascular mortality
2.97(2.94–3.00)
- Stronger associations in females vs males
- P for interaction < 0.01
- Deaths
- 7,734
- Vs hypertension or T2D only: up to 66% higher all-cause and more than twofold higher cardiovascular mortality risk; varied by sex and race and ethnicity
- P for interaction < 0.01
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalence of hypertension and T2D categories
- Prevalence of hypertension and T2D categories — Burden of concurrent hypertension and T2D, 1999 to 2018
- from 6% to 12%
Concurrent prediabetes and elevated blood pressure
- Higher mortality risk vs neither or either condition
- up to 19%
Original publication
Associations of Concurrent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes With Mortality Outcomes: A Prospective Study of U.S. Adults. Diabetes Care. Published 21 May 2025. doi:10.
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