Associations between the timing of 24 h physical activity and diabetes mellitus: results from a nationally representative sample of the US population
Authors' conclusion
Our findings suggest that the timing of physical activity may modulate its metabolic effects.
Study context
- Population
- US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014); mean age 48 years; 52% women
- Participants
- 7,074 adults
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quintile of hourly physical activity level
- Outcome
- Prevalent diabetes
Methodological detailsnationally representative, actigraphy-measured physical activity
- Nationally representative
- Actigraphy-measured physical activity
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalent diabetes (adjusted odds)
Highest quintile vs Lowest quintileOdds ratio (95% CI)
Late morning (8:01-9:00 h after sleep midpoint); 35% decrease
0.65(0.44–0.96)
Late afternoon (11:01-17:00 h after sleep midpoint); 56% lower odds
0.44(0.29–0.69)
Late afternoon (11:01-17:00 h after sleep midpoint); 36% lower odds
0.64(0.43–0.95)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
OGTT and subgroups (age, gender, race/ethnicity, chronotype, sleep duration)
- Similar patterns of results with OGTT data and across subgroups
Original publication
Associations between the timing of 24 h physical activity and diabetes mellitus: results from a nationally representative sample of the US population. Diabetologia. Published 21 February 2025. doi:10.
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