Association patterns of ketone bodies with the risk of adverse outcomes according to diabetes status
Authors' conclusion
Our study underscored the variation in association patterns between KB and adverse outcomes according to diabetes status and suggested that KB could interact with diabetes status in an additive manner to increase the risk of mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Participants free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline, UK Biobank; total ketone bodies (KB) (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone) measured by nuclear magnetic resonance
- Participants
- 222,824 participants
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower total KB, by diabetes status
- Outcome
- CVD, CKD and all-cause mortality
- Follow-up
- Mean 14.1 years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank
- UK Biobank
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adverse outcomes per 10-fold increase in total KB, by diabetes status
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
NormoglycaemiaHF, per 10-fold increase in total KB
1.32(1.17–1.49)
PrediabetesHF, per 10-fold increase in total KB
1.35(1.04–1.76)
NormoglycaemiaCKD, per 10-fold increase in total KB
1.20(1.09–1.33)
NormoglycaemiaAll-cause mortality
1.32(1.23–1.42)
PrediabetesAll-cause mortality
1.45(1.24–1.71)
T2DAll-cause mortality
1.47(1.11–1.94)
Per 10-fold increase in total KB, as printed
- Additive interaction between KB and diabetes status on risk of death
- P = 0.009
- Deaths attributed to the interactive effects
- 4.9%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Events documented · mean follow-up 14.1 years
- Incident CVD events
- 24 088
- Coronary heart disease events
- 17 303
- Stroke events
- 5172
- HF events
- 5881
- CKD events
- 8605
- Deaths
- 15 813
Original publication
Association patterns of ketone bodies with the risk of adverse outcomes according to diabetes status. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 15 July 2024. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →