Association of Age at Menarche With Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Biomarkers in US Adult Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018
Authors' conclusion
Earlier age at menarche is associated with an unfavorable inflammatory and glucose metabolic biomarker profile in a nationally representative sample of adult women free of diabetes, especially among nonsmokers.
Study context
- Population
- US women >20 years free of self-reported cancer and DM, NHANES 1999–2018; median age 44 years (IQR 33–62)
- Participants
- 19,228 women
- Exposure
- Lower vs higher age at menarche
- Outcome
- CRP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and ferritin as biomarkers of inflammation and glucose metabolism
Methodological detailsnationally representative, NHANES 1999-2018
- Nationally representative
- NHANES 1999-2018
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of lower AAM with biomarkers (age-adjusted multiple linear regression)
- Lower age at menarche (AAM) associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP)
- P-trend = .006
- Lower AAM associated with higher fasting glucose
- P-trend < .0001
- Lower AAM associated with higher fasting insulin
- P-trend < .0001
- Lower AAM associated with higher ferritin
- P-trend < .0001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Effect modification by smoking
- Smoking modified effect of AAM on CRP
- P for interaction = 0.014
- Smoking modified effect of AAM on fasting insulin
- P for interaction < 0.001
- Smoking modified effect of AAM on fasting glucose
- P for interaction < 0.001
- Associations more pronounced in nonsmokers; attenuated to nonsignificance in active smokers
- Stratified analysis
Original publication
Association of Age at Menarche With Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Biomarkers in US Adult Women: NHANES 1999-2018. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 24 June 2024. doi:10.
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