Association between walking pace and incident type 2 diabetes by adiposity level: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
Slow walking pace is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes independent of adiposity. Promoting brisk walking as well as weight management might be an effective type 2 diabetes prevention strategy given their synergistic effects.
Study context
- Population
- White-European UK Biobank participants; mean age 56.5 years, 55.9% women; walking pace self-reported as brisk, average or slow4,564 developed T2D
- Participants
- 194,304 participants
- Exposure
- Walking pace by adiposity level
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- Median 5.4 (IQR 4.8-6.3) years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, 2-year landmark analysis, four-way decomposition analysis for mediation and additive interaction
- UK Biobank
- 2-year landmark analysis
- Four-way decomposition analysis for mediation and additive interaction
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Brisk walking, obesityvs Brisk walking, normal BMIwomen
9.64(7.24–12.84)
Brisk walking, obesityvs Brisk walking, normal BMImen
11.91(8.80–16.12)
Slow walking, obesityvs Brisk walking, normal BMIwomen
12.68(9.62–16.71)
Slow walking, obesityvs Brisk walking, normal BMImen
15.41(11.27–21.06)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Additive interaction between waist circumference (WC) and BF% and walking pace, women
- Excess risk explained, WC
- 17.8%
- Excess risk explained, BF%
- 47.9%
Mediation by obesity
- Proportion mediated, women
- 60.1%
- Proportion mediated, men
- 44.9%
Original publication
Association between walking pace and incident type 2 diabetes by adiposity level: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 3 April 2023. doi:10.
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