Association Between Maternal Fasting Glucose Levels Throughout Pregnancy and Preschoolers’ Refractive Errors
Authors' conclusion
High level of FPG trajectories during pregnancy has been observed to be associated with 6-year-old children's refractive error, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. The first and the second trimesters may be critical periods for the effects of maternal blood glucose on children's vision. The long-term effect of maternal glucose metabolism on children's visual development deserves further study.
Study context
- Population
- Mother-child pairs in the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC), China
- Participants
- 1,987 mother-child pairs
- Exposure
- High vs low maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) trajectory during pregnancy
- Outcome
- Children's refractive errors (visual acuity E-chart and cycloplegic refraction)
- Follow-up
- 6 years of age
Methodological detailsgroup-based trajectory model, logistic regression, multi-informant generalized estimating equations
- Group-based trajectory model
- Logistic regression
- Multi-informant generalized estimating equations
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Refractive error, hypermetropia and astigmatism · age 6
High level FPG trajectory vs Low level trajectoryOdds ratio (95% CI)
Refractive error
1.46(1.08–1.97)
Hypermetropia
1.64(1.09–2.46)
Astigmatism
1.60(1.06–2.41)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Maternal blood glucose by trimester and children's distance vision value · age 6
- First trimester, β (95% CI −.024, −.001)
- −.012
- Second trimester, β (95% CI −.025, −.006)
- −.016
Original publication
Association Between Maternal Fasting Glucose Levels Throughout Pregnancy and Preschoolers’ Refractive Errors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 16 April 2024. doi:10.
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