Association between HbA1c variability and disease prognosis in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Greater HbA1c variability is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in CKD, whereas its association with renal progression remains inconclusive.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); PubMed, Embase and Scopus searched from inception to 11 February 2026
- Participants
- 59,018 patients8 cohort studies
- Comparison
- Higher vs lower HbA1c variability
- Outcome
- CKD progression, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality
Methodological detailsfixed- or random-effects models
- Fixed- or random-effects models
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Cardiovascular events, higher HbA1c variability: HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.52-2.20); no significant heterogeneity
- All-cause mortality, higher HbA1c variability: HR 2.18 (95% CI 1.16-4.07); substantial heterogeneity
- CKD progression, higher HbA1c variability: HR 1.49 (95% CI 0.87-2.55), non-significant trend; considerable heterogeneity, wide prediction intervals
Original publication
Association between HbA1c variability and disease prognosis in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 6 June 2026. doi:10.
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