Association Between Free Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Study
Authors' conclusion
In patients with CAD, FFAs are associated with all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE. Combined evaluation of FFAs with other traditional risk factors could help identify high-risk individuals who may require closer monitoring and aggressive treatment.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled January 2015 to May 2019 (PROMISE study)
- Exposure
- Elevated vs lower FFA levels
- Outcome
- All-cause death
- Follow-up
- 2 years
Methodological detailsmulticentre
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- All-cause deaths, total cohort
- 468 (3.0%)
- Elevated FFA levels independently associated with increased risk of all-cause death
- P < .05
- Adding FFA to Cox model: NRI for all-cause death
- 0.245, P < .001
- Adding FFA to Cox model: IDI for all-cause death
- 0.004, P = .004
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Cardiac death · 2 years
- Cardiac deaths, total cohort
- 335 (2.1%)
- Elevated FFA levels independently associated with increased risk of cardiac death
- P < 0.05
- Adding FFA to Cox model: NRI
- 0.269, P < .001
- Adding FFA to Cox model: IDI
- 0.003, P = .006
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (death, MI, unplanned revascularization) · 2 years
- MACE, total cohort
- 1279 (8.1%)
- Elevated FFA levels independently associated with increased risk of MACE
- P < 0.05
- Adding FFA to Cox model: NRI
- 0.268, P < .001
- Adding FFA to Cox model: IDI
- 0.004, P < .001
MACE by age
- Association of FFA with MACE appeared stronger in patients aged ≥60 years than <60 years
Original publication
Association Between Free Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 4 August 2023. doi:10.
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