Antecedent of Pregnancy‐Related Cardiometabolic Complication and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Among women with T2DM, prior GDM or GHTD conferred a higher CVD risk.
Study context
- Population
- Women without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) with T2D and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or gestational hypertensive disorder (GHTD) as of 1 January 2018, Ontario (Canada) healthcare administrative data; mean age 43 yearsage-matched cohorts
- Participants
- 11,525 / 11,525 / 11,525 / 11,525
- Exposure
- Women with T2D and prior GDM or GHTD vs three age-matched comparator cohorts
- Women with T2DM and a history of GDM or GHTDn = 11,525
- Women with T2DM and no history of GDM or GHTDn = 11,525reference
- Women without T2DM and without GDM or GHTDn = 11,525reference
- Men with T2DMn = 11,525reference
- Outcome
- Incident CVD (coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease) and HF
- Follow-up
- Until 31 December 2023
Methodological detailsage-matched
- Age-matched
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
median follow-up 6 years
Estimate (95% CI)
T2D + GDM/GHTDvs T2D, no GDM/GHTD
aHR (CVD) 1.19(1.01–1.41)
T2D + GDM/GHTDvs T2D, no GDM/GHTD
aHR (CAD) 1.35(1.10–1.66)
- CVD events overall
- 1231
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and HF vs women without T2D and no GDM/GHTDT2D + GDM/GHTDvs No T2D, no GDM/GHTD | aHR (CVD) 3.70 (95% CI 2.79–4.91) | |
| CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and HF vs women without T2D and no GDM/GHTDT2D + GDM/GHTDvs No T2D, no GDM/GHTD | aHR (CAD) 4.96 (95% CI 3.43–7.19) | |
| CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and HF vs women without T2D and no GDM/GHTDT2D + GDM/GHTDvs No T2D, no GDM/GHTD | aHR (cerebrovascular disease) 2.41 (95% CI 1.54–3.76) | |
| CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and HF vs women without T2D and no GDM/GHTDT2D + GDM/GHTDvs No T2D, no GDM/GHTD | aHR (HF) 4.95 (95% CI 2.05–11.94) | |
| 0.050.21520Ratio (log scale) |
CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and heart failure (HF) vs men with T2D
- Lower CVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease and HF risks in women with T2D and prior GDM/GHTD compared to men with T2D
Original publication
Antecedent of Pregnancy‐Related Cardiometabolic Complication and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 21 July 2026. doi:10.
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