Analysis of early-pregnancy metabolome in early- and late-onset gestational diabetes reveals distinct associations with maternal overweight
Authors' conclusion
GDM subtypes show distinct early-pregnancy metabolomic features that correlate with maternal glycaemic and anthropometric characteristics. The patterns identified suggest early-pregnancy disturbances of maternal lipid metabolism, with most alterations observed in overweight women with E-GDM. Our findings highlight the importance of maternal adiposity as the primary target for prevention and treatment.
Study context
- Population
- Pregnant women in the population-based prospective Early Diagnosis of Diabetes in Pregnancy cohort; lean (BMI <25 kg/m²) and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²); fasting serum at OGTT1 (12–16 weeks)210 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 209 controls
- Participants
- 419 women
- Comparison
- Early-pregnancy metabolome in E-GDM and L-GDM, stratified by maternal overweight, vs normoglycaemic controls
- E-GDMn = 126
- L-GDMn = 84
- Controln = 209reference
- Outcome
- Correlations of early-pregnancy metabolites with maternal glycaemic and anthropometric characteristics, and metabolomic alterations in GDM subtypes
- Follow-up
- 12-16 weeks' gestation
Methodological detailspopulation-based prospective cohort (Early Diagnosis of Diabetes in Pregnancy), matched on maternal age, BMI class and primiparity, untargeted ultra-HPLC-MS metabolomics, Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate control
- Population-based prospective cohort (Early Diagnosis of Diabetes in Pregnancy)
- Matched on maternal age, BMI class and primiparity
- Untargeted ultra-HPLC-MS metabolomics
- Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate control
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Correlation of maternal glucose with long-chain fatty acids and medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines
q<0.001
Correlation of maternal BMI and/or waist circumference with long-chain fatty acids, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, phospholipids, and aromatic and branched-chain amino acids
q<0.001
Correlation of HOMA-IR and/or fasting insulin with L-tyrosine, certain long-chain fatty acids and phospholipids
q<0.001
Overweight E-GDM vs controls: 7 non-glucose metabolites differed (only subtype with significant differences); linolenic, oleic, docosapentaenoic, docosatetraenoic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4/0:0 higher; phosphatidylcholines P-16:0/18:2 and 15:0/18:2 lower
q<0.05
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
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