Reproductive endocrinology

Age-Stratified Reference Ranges for Directly Measured Serum Free Testosterone in Community-Dwelling and Healthy Men

J Clin Endocrinol MetabPublished Cross-sectional study

Authors' conclusion

This study provides age-stratified reference ranges for mFT in adult men, established in the largest cohort to date, using published methodology. Our results also show that mFT levels are influenced by age and BMI. Future work should focus on whether age-stratified or reference ranges for young men should be employed, and how mFT can best be implemented in clinical practice including the improved application of calculated FT.

Study context

Population
Healthy and community-dwelling adult White men from large population cohort studies
Participants
1,202 participants
Outcome
Age-stratified reference ranges (2.5th–97.5th percentiles) for mFT measured by equilibrium dialysis and LC-MS/MS
Methodological detailsreference range study, population cohorts, CLSI guidelines
  • Reference range study
  • Population cohorts
  • CLSI guidelines

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

mFT reference range, healthy nonobese men aged 18 to 39 years (BMI <30)

Reference range (2.5th–97.5th percentiles)

184 to 749 pmol/L

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Further findings

Measured FT (mFT) change with age

Decrease in mFT per year of age
−4.5 pmol/L

mFT by body mass index (BMI) vs reference BMI of 22

Decrease in mFT with BMI 30
14.4%
Decrease in mFT with BMI 35
22.2%

Original publication

Age-Stratified Reference Ranges for Directly Measured Serum Free Testosterone in Community-Dwelling and Healthy Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 10 September 2025. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf507

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