Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses
Authors' conclusion
Calculated free T was most prominently associated with age and BMI. The linear, inverse association with age, nonlinear association with BMI, and presence of diabetes, cancer, and sociodemographic factors should be considered when interpreting cFT values.
Study context
- Population
- Community-dwelling men aged 17–99 years in 9 cohorts of the Androgens in Men Study; cohort median ages 40 to 76 years
- Participants
- 20,631 men9 cohorts
- Outcome
- Calculated free T (cFT, Vermeulen formula; total T by mass spectrometry, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassays) and its association with 21 sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical predictors
Methodological detailscross-sectional analysis, 2-stage random effects individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses, 9 cohorts, Androgens in Men Study
- Cross-sectional analysis
- 2-stage random effects IPD meta-analyses
- 9 cohorts
- Androgens in Men Study
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Associations with cFT
- Cohort median calculated free T (cFT) concentrations
- 174.3 to 422.8 pmol/L
- Age: linear inverse association, per 1 SD increase in age
- −57.2 pmol/L (95% CI −69.4, −44.9)
- Body mass index (BMI): cFT increased with BMI <23.6 kg/m², decreased with BMI >23.6 kg/m²; per 1 SD increase in 25.4-29.6 kg/m² range
- −24.7 pmol/L (−29.1, −20.3)
- Married or de facto relationship (younger men)
- −18.4 pmol/L (−27.6, −9.3)
- Former smoking
- −5.7 pmol/L (−8.9, −2.6)
- Poor general health
- −14.0 pmol/L (−20.1, −7.8)
- Diabetes
- −19.6 pmol/L (−23.0, −16.3)
- CVD
- −5.8 pmol/L (−8.3, −3.2)
- Cancer
- −19.2 pmol/L (−24.4, −14.1)
Original publication
Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses. Eur J Endocrinol. Published 22 November 2024. doi:10.
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