Age-specific associations between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and death among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study
Authors' conclusion
We observed heterogeneity in the relationship between BP and various clinical outcomes across ages in a diabetes population. Risk associations were strongest among young individuals, emphasising the importance of BP management in this population.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D undergoing structured diabetes assessment 2000–2022, Hong Kong SAR, China; stratified by age (18–44, 45–59, 60–74, ≥75 years); mean age 61.9 years, 52.7% men, 75.3% pre-existing hypertension
- Participants
- 429,740 individuals
- Exposure
- Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) categories vs SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP 70-79 mmHg within each age stratum
- Outcome
- Incident CVD, CKD, kidney failure and all-cause death
Methodological detailsage-stratified, Cox proportional hazard model, restricted cubic splines
- Age-stratified
- Cox proportional hazard model
- Restricted cubic splines
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CVD, CKD, kidney failure and death
- SBP above 120-129 mmHg and DBP above 70-79 mmHg associated with a proportional increase in risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney failure and death across ages (adjusted)
- Strength of risk associations greatest in youngest age group, declining with increasing age
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Hemorrhagic stroke, age 18-44 years
- 10 mmHg or 1-SD increase in SBP / DBP: fold increase in hazards
- 1.2 to 1.5
- P-interaction
- < 0.001
Non-linear associations (restricted cubic splines (RCS))
- Variable linear and nonlinear associations between SBP/DBP and CVD, kidney disease or death across age categories
Original publication
Age-specific associations between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and death among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. Published 28 January 2026. doi:10.
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