Adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors among patients with diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Diabetes self-care behaviors in Pakistan remain suboptimal, especially for lifestyle-related practices.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with DM in Pakistan; observational studies assessing diabetes self-care (2003–2025)65 studies
- Outcome
- Adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors: pooled prevalence and standardized mean scores (0-100 scale)
Methodological detailsmeta-regression, publication bias analyses, Searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PakMediNet up to August 2025
- Meta-regression
- Publication bias analyses
- Searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PakMediNet up to August 2025
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Overall self-care adherence
Overall self-care pooled prevalence
47%
95% CI 29%–66%
Mean standardized score
53.6%
95% CI 47.8%–59.4%
Further pooled results
Medication adherence (highest)
- Prevalence
- 74% (95% CI 63%-83%)
- Score
- 72.7%
Physical activity adherence (poorest)
- Prevalence
- 37% (95% CI 29%-46%)
- Score
- 45.5%
- Publication year significantly associated with physical activity adherence prevalence
- P = 0.02
Original publication
Adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors among patients with diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 14 July 2026. doi:10.
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