A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System
Authors' conclusion
This study suggests that automated insulin and pramlintide systems have the potential to alleviate carbohydrate counting without degrading time in range. A longer and larger study is underway.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D (7 females, age 39.5 [15.1], HbA1c 7.4% [0.6]); 14-h outpatient free-living supervised experiments
- Participants
- 12 adults
- Comparison
- Fully closed-loop insulin + pramlintide without carbohydrate counting vs faster aspart with carbohydrate counting
Methodological detailspilot, five-arm, outpatient, free-living, supervised
- Pilot
- Five-arm
- Outpatient, free-living, supervised
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Time in target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) · 14 hours
Control
78.6
median · IQR 65.3–92.9
Faster aspart + pramlintide 8 µg/U
76.2
median · IQR 64.6–86.9
Faster aspart + pramlintide 10 µg/U
78.8
median · IQR 68.8–86.0
Aspart + pramlintide 8 µg/U
65.9
median · IQR 59.9–83.6
Aspart + pramlintide 10 µg/U
77.4
median · IQR 72.1–82.7
Safety
Time below 3.9 and 3.0 mmol/L
- Numerically higher with fully closed-loop aspart + pramlintide systems than control; not statistically significant
Original publication
A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System. J Diabetes Sci Technol. Published 14 October 2025. doi:10.
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