A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study
Main finding · T2D risk by hPDIResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 0.76 95 % CI 0.68–0.85Authors' conclusion
Healthful plant-based diets may protect against T2DM via lower body fatness, but also via normoglycaemia, lower basal inflammation as well as improved kidney and liver function.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline2,628 developed T2D
- Participants
- 113,097 participants
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quartile of healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful (uPDI) plant-based diet index
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- 12 years
Methodological detailsmultivariable Cox regression, causal mediation analyses
- Multivariable Cox regression
- Causal mediation analyses
Main finding
T2D risk by hPDI
Hazard ratio
0.76
95 % CI 0.68–0.85
hPDI Quartile 4vs hPDI Quartile 1
HR 0.76 (95 % CI 0.68–0.85)
As reported in the abstract
%
- Proportion mediated: lower BMI
- 28
- Proportion mediated: lower waist circumference
- 28
- Proportion mediated: lower HbA1c
- 11
- Proportion mediated: lower triglycerides
- 9
- Proportion mediated: lower alanine aminotransferase
- 5
- Proportion mediated: lower gamma glutamyl transferase
- 4
- Proportion mediated: lower C-reactive protein
- 4
- Proportion mediated: lower IGF-1
- 4
- Proportion mediated: lower cystatin C
- 4
- Proportion mediated: lower urate
- 4
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
T2D risk with higher uPDI scores
| HR (95 % CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Higher uPDI37 % higher T2D risk | 1.37 (1.22–1.53) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
%
- T2D risk with higher uPDI scores — Proportion mediated: higher waist circumference
- 17
- T2D risk with higher uPDI scores — Proportion mediated: BMI
- 7
- T2D risk with higher uPDI scores — Proportion mediated: higher triglycerides
- 13
Original publication
A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab. Published 28 November 2023. doi:10.
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