The burden of COVID‐19 in hospitalized people with diabetes mellitus in Brazil: Insights from four years of the pandemic
Main finding · In-hospital deathResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 1.178 95% CI 1.168–1.188Authors' conclusion
Diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of worse outcomes in hospitalized people with COVID-19 in Brazil. Mortality is strongly influenced by age, co-morbidities and severity markers, while vaccination provides substantial protection.
Study context
- Population
- People hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, March 2020 to March 2024
- Participants
- 2,078,062 people
- Exposure
- DM vs no DM among people hospitalized with COVID-19
- DMn = 461,647
- Outcome
- Risk of in-hospital death and likelihood of classification as DM
Methodological detailsnationwide registry data (Open-Data-SUS), multivariable logistic regression
- Nationwide registry data (Open-Data-SUS)
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
In-hospital death
Odds ratio
1.178
95% CI 1.168–1.188
DMvs No DM
OR 1.178 (95% CI 1.168–1.188)
As reported in the abstract
- DM prevalence
- 22.2%
- Overall mortality
- 32.9%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| ICU admission | 1.102 (1.093–1.112) | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 1.102 (1.087–1.118) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Death: other predictors
- COVID-19 vaccination, OR for death
- 0.588 (95% CI 0.583-0.594)
- Invasive mechanical ventilation, OR for death
- 12.933 (95% CI 12.752-13.115)
- Age >85 years vs younger groups, OR for death
- 32.840 (95% CI 30.840-34.969)
- Nosocomial infection substantially increased mortality risk
Factors associated with DM
- Older age, female sex and self-identification as Black, mixed-race or Asian strongly associated with DM
Original publication
The burden of COVID‐19 in hospitalized people with diabetes mellitus in Brazil: Insights from four years of the pandemic. Diabet Med. Published 5 May 2026. doi:10.
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