The Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias Attribute to Metabolic Risks in Western Europe From 1990 to 2023
Authors' conclusion
ADOD burden attributable to metabolic risks continues to rise across Western Europe, with substantial variation across countries, sex, age, and risk factors. High FPG burden is largely demographic-driven; high BMI burden reflects adverse epidemiological trends.
Study context
- Population
- Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) attributable to metabolic risks, 24 Western European countries, 1990–202324 countries
Methodological details24 countries, stratified by sex, age and Level 2 metabolic risks (high BMI, high FPG), estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) trend analysis, decomposition analysis
- 24 countries
- Stratified by sex, age and Level 2 metabolic risks (high BMI, high FPG)
- EAPC trend analysis
- Decomposition analysis
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
ADOD burden attributable to metabolic risks · 2023
- Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100 000
- 6.84 (95% UI 1.38-18.30)
- Age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) per 100 000
- 117.80 (95% UI 35.67-252.14)
- Increase in ASMR from 1990
- 18.8%
- Increase in ASDR from 1990
- 17.6%
- EAPC of ASMR
- 0.45
- EAPC of ASDR
- 0.43
- Deaths attributable to metabolic risks
- 90094.8 (UI 18262.6-241493.9)
Further findings
Sex differences
- Females had higher age-standardized rates; males showed slightly higher EAPCs
Risk factors
- High FPG remained dominant, while high BMI increased faster, particularly among males
Countries
- Monaco had the highest ASMR and ASDR; Germany, Italy and the UK contributed the largest absolute burden
Decomposition analysis
- Demographic changes primarily drove high FPG burden; epidemiological changes contributed more to high BMI outcomes
Original publication
The Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias Attribute to Metabolic Risks in Western Europe From 1990 to 2023. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 23 June 2026. doi:10.
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