The association between blood cadmium levels and bone mineral density in U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years
Authors' conclusion
The findings revealed a negative association between B-Cd levels and BMD in multivariable adjusted models.
Study context
- Population
- Adolescents in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, 2011–2018; 52% male, 48% female
- Participants
- 2,427 adolescents
- Exposure
- Blood cadmium levels vs bone mineral density (BMD)
- Outcome
- Association between B-Cd levels and BMD
Methodological detailsNHANES 2011–2018, weighted multiple regression, generalized weighted model, smoothed curve methods, multivariable adjusted
- NHANES 2011–2018
- Weighted multiple regression
- Generalized weighted model
- Smoothed curve methods
- Multivariable adjusted
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Positive association between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and BMD shifted to a negative association after adjustment for age, sex and race
- Multivariable adjusted models
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Association with BMD, subgroup: females
- β (95% CI: - 0.09, - 0.04), P < 0.001
- - 0.07
- More pronounced association
Association with BMD, subgroup: other Hispanic individuals
- β (95% CI: - 0.14, - 0.02), P = 0.012
- - 0.08
- More pronounced association
Association with BMD, subgroup: individuals exposed to tobacco
- β (95% CI: - 0.06, - 0.01), P = 0.016
- - 0.04
- More pronounced association
Original publication
The association between blood cadmium levels and bone mineral density in U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years. Osteoporos Int. Published 8 January 2025. doi:10.
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