Substituting Carbohydrate at Lunch for Added Protein Increases Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise in Healthy Males
Authors' conclusion
Substituting carbohydrate for protein in a pre-exercise lunch increased fat oxidation, suppressed subjective and hormonal appetite, and reduced post-exercise energy intake.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy males; standardized breakfast, lunch ∼13:15, cycling at ∼60% V̇O2peak for 1 hour ∼16:153 trials each
- Participants
- 12 males
- Comparison
- Low-carbohydrate/high-protein lunch vs high-carbohydrate lunch vs fasting before afternoon exercise
Methodological detailsrandomized, counterbalanced
- Randomized
- Counterbalanced
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Fat oxidation during exercise
Difference
+11.66 g
P < 0.001
Fasted (FAST) vs HI-CARB · ± 6.63 g; greater with FAST
Difference
+8.00 g
P < 0.001
LO-CARB vs HI-CARB · ± 3.83 g; greater with LO-CARB
Difference
+3.67 g
P < 0.05
FAST vs LO-CARB · ± 5.07 g; greater with FAST
Further findings
| Outcome | Difference (kcal) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Post-exercise ad libitum energy intake · ∼18:30LO-CARB vs FAST · ± 233 kcal; lower with LO-CARB | −383 | P < 0.001 |
| Post-exercise ad libitum energy intake · ∼18:30LO-CARB vs HI-CARB · ± 284 kcal; lower with LO-CARB | −313 | P < 0.001 |
Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and insulin · 5 hours post-lunch
- NEFA lowest in HI-CARB and highest in FAST; insulin showed the inverse response
- all P < .01
PYY and GLP-1 · 5 hours post-lunch
- Stepwise pattern, LO-CARB greatest and FAST lowest
- all P < .01
Acylated ghrelin · 5 hours post-lunch
- Lower during HI-CARB and LO-CARB vs FAST
- P < 0.01
Original publication
Substituting Carbohydrate at Lunch for Added Protein Increases Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise in Healthy Males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 13 April 2024. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →