Sex and Socioeconomic Differences in the Initiation of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
Among individuals with newly diagnosed T2D and CVD, lower initiation of guideline-recommended cardioprotective GLDs was observed among individuals with low socioeconomic status in both men and women.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with newly diagnosed concomitant T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD), Denmark, 2015–2022; 37% women37% women
- Participants
- 81,361 individuals
- Exposure
- Initiation of cardioprotective glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) by sex and socioeconomic status
- Outcome
- Initiation of cardioprotective GLDs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA)
Methodological detailsregistry-based, Danish health registries
- Registry-based
- Danish health registries
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Initiation of cardioprotective GLDs by occupational status
Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)
Unemployed womenvs Employed women
0.81(0.75–0.88)
Retired womenvs Employed women
0.88(0.79–0.97)
Unemployed menvs Employed men
0.77(0.73–0.81)
Retired menvs Employed men
0.83(0.78–0.88)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Initiation by educational level
- IRR, females
- 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86-1.05)
- IRR, males
- 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94-1.07)
- Crude initiation rates per 1000 person-years increased with higher educational level; gradient disappeared after multivariable adjustment
Initiation by marital status
- Divorced, widowed and unmarried individuals had lower IRR than married individuals
Original publication
Sex and Socioeconomic Differences in the Initiation of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 20 September 2026. doi:10.
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