Sex- and pubertal stage–specific bone microarchitecture and strength in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Type 1 diabetes exerts sex- and pubertal stage-specific skeletal effects. Mid-pubertal boys show trabecular and cortical deficits with reduced strength, whereas early-pubertal girls show no deficits.
Study context
- Population
- Adolescents during early-pubertal (Tanner 2–3, girls) and mid-pubertal (Tanner 3–4, boys) stages of bone accrual, tertiary medical center
- Participants
- 40 vs 40
- Exposure
- Adolescents with T1D vs matched controls, by sex and pubertal stage
- T1Dn = 40
- Controlsn = 40reference
- Outcome
- Bone microarchitecture and strength (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) with individual trabecula segmentation, micro-finite element analysis)
Methodological detailssingle tertiary medical center, matched controls
- Single tertiary medical center
- Matched controls
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Boys
- T1D
- difference, trabecular bone volume fraction, distal tibia (boys) −14%; P = 0.033
- T1D
- difference, plate-like trabeculae, distal tibia (boys) −23%; P = 0.007
- T1D
- difference, failure load, distal tibia (boys) −12%; P = 0.008
- T1D
- difference, cortical area, proximal tibia (boys) −8%; P = 0.026
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | β | P value |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c and plate-like trabeculae in boysBoys | −.31 | P = 0.038 |
HbA1c and plate-like trabeculae in boys
- In boys, higher HbA1c linked to fewer plate-like trabeculae and reduced strength
- In boys, lower IGF-1 predicted decreased trabecular volume and strength
Glycaemia, AGEs and bone turnover (T1D cohort)
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) hyperglycemia and higher SAF correlated with suppressed bone turnover
Original publication
Sex- and pubertal stage–specific bone microarchitecture and strength in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 11 April 2026. doi:10.
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