Serum Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Phosphorus Levels and Risk of Fracture in the Community
Authors' conclusion
In this community-based cohort, lower sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels, as well as higher phosphorus levels, were associated with greater fracture risk. These findings support the etiological link of serum electrolyte levels with the risk of fracture.
Study context
- Population
- Older adults of a US community, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, visit 5 (2011 to 2013), mean age 75.4 years; replication in middle-aged adults at visit 2 (1990 to 1992), mean age 56.9 yearsreplication n = 11,708
- Participants
- 5,499 adults
- Exposure
- Serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus levels and fracture risk
- Outcome
- Hospitalization with fracture ascertained through diagnostic codes on hospital discharge records
Methodological detailscommunity-based, replication cohort
- Community-based
- Replication cohort
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Fracture risk by clinical electrolyte category (visit 5 cohort)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Hyponatremiavs Normal sodium
1.85(1.22–2.81)
Hyperphosphatemiavs Normal phosphorus
2.18(0.99–4.78)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Fracture risk, visit 2 replication cohort
- Significant association for higher phosphorus levels, not for other electrolytes, although findings overall consistent
Original publication
Serum Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Phosphorus Levels and Risk of Fracture in the Community. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 26 February 2025. doi:10.
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