Serum osmolality was non-linearly associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Both low osmolality and high osmolality were predictive of increased all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, supporting a U-shaped relationship. Also, a lower serum osmolality increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with diabetes, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–20141,983 (12.4%) died
- Participants
- 7,622 individuals
- Exposure
- Serum osmolality categories vs reference category
- Outcome
- All-cause and cardiovascular mortality
Methodological detailsNHANES 1999-2014, multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, restricted cubic splines
- NHANES 1999-2014
- Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression
- Restricted cubic splines
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
All-cause mortality · 3.26 thousand person-years of follow-up
Each group vs 281-284 mmol/kgMultivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)P value
<201 mmol/kg
1.27(1.16–1.40)
P < 0.001>312 mmol/kg
1.18(1.09–1.28)
P < 0.001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Cardiovascular mortality
- L-shaped relationship of serum osmolality with cardiovascular death (restricted cubic splines)
Original publication
Serum osmolality was non-linearly associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 22 December 2023. doi:10.
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