Serum glycated albumin‐to‐albumin ratio and mortality risk in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: Evidence from NHANES over 15 years
Authors' conclusion
This study indicated that higher %GA levels were associated with increased all-cause and CCD mortality risk, supporting the potential predictive value of %GA for the early identification and stratification of mortality risk in CKM stages 0-3.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0–3, NHANES (1999–2004)
- Participants
- 4,524 adults
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower serum %glycated albumin (GA), albumin (ALB) and GA
- Outcome
- All-cause and cardiovascular-cerebrovascular disease (CCD) mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 17.6 years
Methodological detailsNHANES 1999-2004 with linked mortality through 2019, multivariable Cox regression
- NHANES 1999-2004 with linked mortality through 2019
- Multivariable Cox regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mortality by %GA
Deaths
1032
Cardiovascular-cerebrovascular disease (CCD) deaths
281
Higher %GA, all-cause mortality, HR
1.59 (1.17-2.15) (95% CI)
Higher %GA, CCD mortality, HR
1.94 (1.07-3.53) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predictive accuracy (time-dependent ROC, random survival forest (RSF)) · 5-, 10- and 15-year follow-up
- %GA the most robust marker among the three for long-term mortality risk, consistent across 5-, 10- and 15-year follow-up
Original publication
Serum glycated albumin‐to‐albumin ratio and mortality risk in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: Evidence from NHANES over 15 years. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 17 December 2025. doi:10.
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