Sense of vitality is associated with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes independently of traditional risk factors and arterial stiffness
Authors' conclusion
One single question regarding energy levels from SF36 may be used as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in T2DM patients in primary care, for both men and women. This item may be included in future risk assessment for use in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk stratification of T2DM patients.
Study context
- Population
- T2DM patients aged 55–66 years from the CARDIPP study, recruited 2005–2008, followed until 31 December 2018260 women
- Participants
- 756 patients
- Exposure
- Single SF36 vitality and well-being items as risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
- Outcome
- MACE: MI, stroke or cardiovascular death
- Follow-up
- Median 11.6 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MACE
- MACE events
- 119 (16%)
- 'seldom full of pep': HR (95% CI) for MACE, separate model
- HR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4, p = 0.006
- 'seldom a lot of energy': HR (95% CI) for MACE, separate model
- HR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1-1.5, p < 0.001
- 'worn out': HR (95% CI) for MACE, separate model
- HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0-1.4, p = 0.020
- 'seldom happy': HR (95% CI) for MACE, separate model
- HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0-1.4, p = 0.012
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
MACE by sex
- 'seldom full of pep' and 'seldom a lot of energy' remained associated with MACE in separate analyses for sexes
MACE, all SF36 items in the same model
- Only 'seldom a lot of energy' remained associated with MACE
Original publication
Sense of vitality is associated with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes independently of traditional risk factors and arterial stiffness. Diabet Med. Published 30 August 2022. doi:10.
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