Role of Glycemia, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity in Bone Mineral Density in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Youth with T1D have slightly lower BMD compared with pediatric norms. Optimizing BMI, TIR, vitamin D, and high-impact weight-bearing activities may improve bone health in this population.
Study context
- Population
- Youth aged 8–17 years with T1D for ≥1 year; mean age 12.9 ± 2.5 years, diabetes duration 6.0 ± 3.2 years, HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.1%, 73% on insulin pumps, 9% vitamin D-deficient
- Participants
- 124 participants
- Outcome
- BMD (DXA) and factors associated with BMD
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
BMD z-score
- Mean bone mineral density (BMD) z-score (lower than pediatric normative data, P = .007)
- −0.2 ± 1.0
- Correlation of BMD z-score with body mass index (BMI) z-score (P = .0002)
- r = 0.32
- Correlation of BMD z-score with time-in-range (TIR) (P = .007)
- r = 0.24
- Correlation of BMD z-score with 25OHD (P = .01)
- r = 0.22
- Correlation of BMD z-score with energy expenditure from high-impact weight-bearing activities (P = .03)
- r = 0.20
- Vitamin D-deficient had lower BMD z-scores (P = .02)
- Δ0.7
- High-impact weight-bearing activities associated with higher BMD z-scores (P = .03)
- Δ0.3
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Role of Glycemia, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity in Bone Mineral Density in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Endocr Pract. Published 17 December 2025. doi:10.
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