Risk Factors and Characteristics of Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (CIADM): A Systematic Review and Delineation From Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
CIADM commonly presents in DKA. While T1D autoantibodies are only positive in 40.4%, they associate with earlier, more severe presentations.
Study context
- Population
- Adults meeting diagnostic criteria for checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune DM (CIADM): hyperglycemia (blood glucose >11 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥6.5%) and insulin deficiency (C-peptide <0.4 nmol/L and/or DKA); English full-text articles 2014 to April 2022, MEDLINE and PubMed146 articles
- Participants
- 192 adults
- Outcome
- Presentation characteristics of CIADM
Methodological detailsReporting of follow-up data, lipase and HLA haplotyping was limited
- Reporting of follow-up data, lipase and HLA haplotyping was limited
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Age, mean ± SD
- 63.4 ± 12.4 years
- Prior exposure to anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy
- 99.5%
- T1D susceptibility haplotypes (of 91 tested, 47.3%)
- 59.3%
- Time to CIADM onset, median (IQR)
- 12 weeks (6-24)
- DKA at presentation
- 69.7%
- Low initial C-peptide
- 91.6%
- T1D autoantibodies present
- 40.4% (73 of 179)
Further pooled results
- T1D autoantibodies significantly associated with DKA
- P = 0.0009
- T1D autoantibodies significantly associated with earlier time to CIADM onset
- P = 0.02
Original publication
Risk Factors and Characteristics of Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (CIADM): A Systematic Review and Delineation From Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 23 May 2023. doi:10.
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