Retinopathy During the First 5 Years of Type 1 Diabetes and Subsequent Risk of Advanced Retinopathy
Main finding · PDR (unadjusted)Result — go to the resultHazard ratio 1.51 95% CI 1.12–2.02Authors' conclusion
These data suggest that individuals with any sign of retinopathy within the first 5 years of T1D onset may be at higher risk of long-term development of advanced DR, especially PDR. Identification of early-onset DR may influence prognosis and help guide therapeutic management to reduce the risk of future visual loss in these individuals.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D, diabetic retinopathy (DR) assessed longitudinally by fundus photography at intervals of 6 months to 4 years
- Participants
- 484 vs 369
- Exposure
- Early-onset DR vs no EDR
- EDRn = 484
- No EDRn = 369reference
- Outcome
- Subsequent risk of PDR, CSME, diabetes-related retinal photocoagulation
Methodological detailsstandardized stereoscopic seven-field fundus photography, Cox models
- Standardized stereoscopic seven-field fundus photography
- Cox models
Main finding
PDR (unadjusted)
Hazard ratio
1.51
95% CI 1.12–2.02
P = 0.006
EDRvs No EDR
HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.12–2.02); P = 0.006
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSME (unadjusted)Unadjusted | 1.44 (CI 1.10–1.88) | P = 0.008 | |
| Diabetes-related retinal photocoagulation (unadjusted)Unadjusted | 1.48 (CI 1.12–1.96) | P = 0.006 | |
| PDR, fully adjusted (age, T1D duration, HbA1c, sex, BP, pulse, ACE inhibitors, albumin excretion rate, eGFR)Fully adjusted; only PDR association remained significant | 1.47 (95% CI 1.04–2.06) | P = 0.028 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), clinically significant macular edema (CSME), photocoagulation adjusted for HbA1c
- Associations remained significant when adjusted for HbA1c
Original publication
Retinopathy During the First 5 Years of Type 1 Diabetes and Subsequent Risk of Advanced Retinopathy. Diabetes Care. Published 13 December 2022. doi:10.
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