Repeated faecal microbiota transplantation for individuals with type 1 diabetes and gastroenteropathy
Authors' conclusion
Repeated, on-demand FMT is effective and safe for long-term treatment of individuals with type 1 diabetes and severe diabetic gastroenteropathy.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D and diabetic gastroenteropathy from a prior RCT; followed September 2021 to December 2024of original 20
- Participants
- 17 individuals
- Comparison
- Repeated on-demand faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), after vs before treatment
- FMTn = 17
- Outcome
- GSRS-IBS score (symptom assessments by telephone every 2-3 months)
Methodological detailsrepeated on-demand FMT, Median follow-up 33.2 months (range 14.7-39.1 months)
- Repeated on-demand FMT
- Median follow-up 33.2 months (range 14.7-39.1 months)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
GSRS-IBS score · last FMT treatment vs baseline
Mean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (GSRS-IBS) score at baseline
60
95% CI 54, 66
Mean GSRS-IBS score at last FMT treatment
35
95% CI 29, 40
Mean difference
−25
95% CI −18, −33
Further findings
Frequent bowel movements (> 7 per day) · 2 weeks after treatment
- Before treatment
- 19% (95% CI 10%, 28%)
- After treatment
- 3% (95% CI 0%, 7%)
Normal stool types (Bristol Stool Scale score 3-5)
- Before treatment
- 28% (95% CI 18%, 39%)
- After treatment
- 76% (95% CI 66%, 86%)
Participant satisfaction
- Considerable benefits (Likert scores 5-7)
- 86%
Treatment exposure
- Total FMT treatments
- 95
- Median FMT treatments per participant
- 5
- Median interval between treatments
- 5.3 months
Safety
Adverse events
- Serious adverse events (AEs)
- 15
- Serious AEs possibly related to FMT
- 1
- Generally well tolerated; most AEs mild and self-limiting
Original publication
Repeated faecal microbiota transplantation for individuals with type 1 diabetes and gastroenteropathy. Diabetologia. Published 18 September 2025. doi:10.
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