Prognostic Factors in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors' conclusion
Brain metastases from TC are associated with poor survival, with key prognostic factors including aggressive tumor subtypes, poor performance status, multiple brain metastases, and the presence of extracranial metastases, particularly in the lungs.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with brain metastases from thyroid cancer; studies from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and MEDLINE up to July 18, 2025
- Participants
- 301 patients24 studies
- Comparison
- Prognostic factors for brain metastasis-specific survival
- Outcome
- Brain metastasis-specific survival (BMS)
Methodological detailsindividual patient data pooled, multivariable Cox proportional hazards model
- Individual patient data pooled
- Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Prognostic factors for decreased BMS
Hazard ratio (CI)P value
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
3.3(1.06–10.3)
P = 0.04Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
1.95(1.07–3.56)
P = 0.03Poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group >1)
2.62(1.69–4.05)
P < 0.001Multiple brain metastases
1.89(1.24–2.89)
P = 0.004Distant metastases
1.97(1.13–3.44)
P = 0.018Original publication
Prognostic Factors in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. Published 4 September 2025. doi:10.
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