Pharmacokinetic properties of insulin GZR4 after subcutaneous administration in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm in healthy participants
Authors' conclusion
In healthy Chinese participants, subcutaneous injection of GZR4 in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm displayed comparable drug exposure, with no clinically meaningful differences observed among the injection regions.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy Chinese participantscrossover
- Participants
- 24 participants
- Comparison
- GZR4 injection in thigh vs abdomen vs upper arm
- Primary endpoint
- AUC0-672h of GZR4 after a single dose across injection regions
- Follow-up
- 0 to 672 h
Methodological detailsopen-label, three-period crossover
- Open-label
- Three-period crossover
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
GZR4 exposure (AUC0-672h)
Geometric mean AUC0-672h ratio
104.8%
90% CI 96.5%–113.9%
Abdomen vs Upper
Geometric mean AUC0-672h ratio
102.6%
90% CI 94.5%–111.4%
Abdomen vs Thigh
Geometric mean AUC0-672h ratio
102.2%
90% CI 94.1%–110.9%
Thigh vs Upper
Safety
- Participants with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)
- 22 (91.7%)
- TEAEs
- 51
- Hypoglycaemic events, serious adverse events or deaths
- 0
- All TEAEs mild or moderate
Original publication
Pharmacokinetic properties of insulin GZR4 after subcutaneous administration in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm in healthy participants. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 8 January 2026. doi:10.
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